1839
On horseback at half past two
In 1839 the superior of the whole Madurai mission stayed behind here while his bishop went down alone to the coast, so as to keep the village's great novena and the solemn feast of St Francis Xavier. Fr Joseph Bertrand rode the last stage in the dark. “The 23rd. On horseback at half past two; at eight o'clock, arrival at Vadakencoulam, mass and the opening of the novena and of the administration.” That Mass opened nine days of feast, and with them the year's round of confessions and communions for the whole congregation.
In English
"The 23rd. — On horseback at half past two; at eight o'clock, arrival at Vadakencoulam, mass and the opening of the novena and of the administration."
What this source establishes
Bertrand's own journal of 23 November 1839, on the page that carries the whole week of it — confessions to nine at night, first mass at two in the morning, a hundred and thirty confessions in a day, the burning sun. He is the superior of the mission and the author, he calls the passage a journal, and he wrote it for his provincial in Lyon. The letter's frame is the Vicar Apostolic's six-month visitation; the bishop went on alone to the coast while Bertrand stayed here for the novena and the feast of St Francis Xavier.